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The next revision of the test came less than 20 years later. They wanted to be able to use the same code types and rely on the same clinical findings.” This strategy was based in practicality, Ben-Porath explained: “There was a lot of continuity on purpose between the original MMPI and MMPI-2. The new test relied on the same clinical scales as the original had while introducing a limited number of new items. The first significant revision of the test was released in 1989, 46 years after its initial publication. But as the demographics of the state and the nation began to shift, this frozen-in-time control group didn’t hold up.įor decades, Ben-Porath said, “The MMPI results compared the person who just took the test with those friendly Minnesotans who had been approached in the hallways of the university and volunteered to take part in the study.” As the test gained popularity around the United States and the world, he added, “it became clear that the normative sample needed to be updated.” The subjects were mainly friends and family members of the patients.”īecause the visitors interviewed had similar backgrounds to the hospital’s patient population, Ben-Porath explained that they made a good control group the purposes of the original study. “They administered the same list of statements to a group of people they approached in the hallways of the hospital and asked if they’d volunteer for a psychology study. An additional 3,400 individuals were tested for the purpose of developing new norms for the MMPI-3. The update is a major, years-long project: The research team discussed ways to add and rephrase test questions, and then set out to collect sample data from more than 16,000 people in mental health, medical care, forensic and public safety settings as well as 8,000 college students. The goal of the update was to refresh the MMPIs contents in order to ensure accuracy and effectiveness for a modern population and to keep up with developments in the field of psychology. This past fall, the University of Minnesota Press published the MMPI-3, the first full revision of the test in more than 30 years. McKinley, head of the university’s neuropsychiatry department. Over the decades, the MMPI has undergone three major revisions, but in many ways has remained quite similar to the original test, which was developed by two University of Minnesota faculty members, Starke Hathaway, a clinical psychologist and J.C. The test, which requires participants to answer a set of true-false questions designed to measure potential symptoms of mental illness or personality disorder, has been used by mental health professionals, substance abuse programs, schools and public safety employers, among others. Introduced nearly 80 years ago, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) continues to be one of the most widely used psychological tests in the world.